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李开复谈AI公司ToB“项目制”顽疾：“赚钱容易，盈利很难”_我的网站

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One of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) Navy's first-batch female shipborne flight cadets completes her daytime shipborne landing qualification assessment. Photo: China Military OnlineA state media video released on Sunday showed that the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) Navy's first batch of female shipborne pilot trainees have all passed their daytime shipborne landing qualification assessments and have now entered the night landing training and evaluation phase.
The progress of female pilot training is an important indicator of the maturity and systemization of the shipborne aviation talent selection and training system, a military affairs expert said. Smears by some foreign media about China's pilot training capabilities are, in essence, a projection of the West's own anxieties over talent shortages, the expert added.
"Night landings are tougher than I imagined. The entire sea is pitch black. It's hard to tell where the sea ends and the sky begins. It's very easy to become disoriented," said Han Meng, a female trainee pilot at the Naval Aviation University, in the CCTV News video.
"Completing today's landing mission has given me a clearer understanding of my own abilities. I'm about to graduate, and I feel more confident about heading to my post and carrying out various maritime and far-sea missions I'll be assigned," she added.
The CCTV News report showed that the assessment featured a Z-8 helicopter landing on the aft flight deck of a vessel.
CCTV reported on Friday that the first batch of female shipborne pilot trainees had all recently passed their daytime shipborne landing qualification assessments. Shipborne landing is a critical milestone in a shipborne pilot's development, often described as the "certificate" to real naval aviation. Passing this assessment marks a significant step in the PLA Navy's efforts to cultivate female shipborne aviation talent.
All pilot trainees, regardless of gender, must meet the same rigorous physical and psychological standards required for shipborne aviation. The successful qualification of these female trainees demonstrates that the selection and training systems are capable of identifying and developing top-tier talent based on capability, not gender, Zhang Junshe, a Chinese military affairs expert, told the Global Times on Sunday.
In recent years, the PLA Navy's shipborne aviation talent development has entered a new phase of system-of-systems operations, transitioning from "able to fly and land on ships" to "able to fight and operate jointly," PLA Daily reported on April 22.
Under the synchronized training objectives of developing pilots, combatants and commanders, new pathways for talent cultivation are being explored, including growth opportunities for shipborne fighter and helicopter pilots. Training programs are being optimized across all elements, support resources coordinated across all domains, and implementation advanced across all processes, forming a systematic, integrated talent development framework.
Zhang also mentioned that foreign media outlets have hyped claims of a "pilot shortage" in China or that "talent development cannot keep pace with equipment delivery." Such claims are largely based on selective data comparisons and misunderstandings of China's aviation development, essentially reflecting the West's own anxieties about talent.
First, foreign media outlets often simply compare the total number of licensed pilots in China with that of the US, ignoring differences in population size, the prevalence of aviation culture and historical development. China's nationwide selection process draws from a vast pool of candidates, ensuring high overall pilot quality and building a strong reserve of aviation talent, Zhang noted.
In July, the PLA Navy's 2026 pilot recruitment process was successfully completed. The average college entrance examination scores of admitted pilot trainees reached a record high. In recent years, through extensive outreach and publicity campaigns, enthusiasm among young applicants has continued to grow, with the recruitment pool expanding year by year.
The Navy's recruitment authorities have established carrier-based flight aptitude assessment platforms, introduced new testing technologies including virtual reality and biofeedback, and improved the comprehensiveness and accuracy of flight aptitude evaluations, said the PLA Navy.
Meanwhile, China has established a diversified training system encompassing academy training, airline-commissioned training and civilian supplementary pathways. Through general aviation development, China is expanding its civilian talent reserve and gradually narrowing the gap with leading aviation nations, the expert said.
Moreover, modern air warfare is a complex system undertaking, relying not only on the number of pilots but also on comprehensive system-of-systems support across strategic early warning, electronic warfare, command communications and ground maintenance. The leapfrog development of China's aviation equipment is built on overall improvements in comprehensive national strength and the aviation industrial system, rather than a simple linear increase in pilot numbers, Zhang added.
。播放下一个打开循环播放 00:00 / 00:00 倍速 3.0X 2.0X 1.5X 1.25X 1.0X 0.75X 0.5X 多音轨 AirPlay 0 静音播放中，点击恢复音量画中画网页全屏全屏你可以刷新试试视频信息 1.33.6 播放信息上传日志调试信息 [X] 视频ID VID - 播放流水 Flowid - 播放内核 Kernel - 显示器信息 Res - 帧数 - 缓冲健康度 - 网络活动 net - 视频分辨率 - 编码 Codec - mystery mystery - 按住画面移动小窗 21世纪经济报道记者董静怡上海报道 “AI六小虎”已走出截然不同的路线。智谱AI和MiniMax相继上市，智谱创始人唐杰在内部信中表示未来两年不追求短期应用变现，将攻坚AGI；MiniMax创始人闫俊杰则表示不达到AGI将不领薪资。月之暗面同样将目标设定为“超越Anthropic等前沿公司，成为世界领先的AGI公司”。另一边，阶跃星辰直接转向了AI硬件，发布了智能体手机；百川智能则选择在医疗垂直大模型上深耕；零一万物则一门心思扑向企业AI，走向了更细分的赛道。

二 | 在WAIC 2026上，零一万物创始人兼CEO李开复向记者算了一笔账：中国目前有11家还在执着于做大模型训练的公司，扣除2家有特殊商业理由自研的，还有9家。 “如果全部是同质化的通用大模型，我觉得是不需要的。”李开复向记者表示，“除非真的是有信心或者是背水一战，天涯何处无芳草，为什么一定要选大模型？” 大背景是AI行业正在从“宏大叙事”阶段进入商业化阶段。高盛的一份报告指出，AI行业的终极赢家，将不再是那些投入资金最多的公司，而是那些在每美元AI投资中能产生最高“有用产出”的公司。

三 | 但目前，大部分AI公司都还是亏钱的。亏损的原因并不复杂。李开复分析可能有几个原因：一是训练模型很贵，即便有收入也可能难以覆盖成本；二是ToC公司买流量，流量成本也把利润消耗掉了。 ToB被许多AI公司视为更有前景的方向。李开复也承认，从理论上说ToB的价值应该更大——普通用户不太可能每月花几千块钱去订阅一个Agent，而企业愿意为强化工作流或替代员工付费。