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'Specter of death' hangs over Gaza as aid groups wait for access, UN official says_我的网站

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A |     LONDON -- The "specter of death" is hanging over Gaza amid an impasse over humanitarian access into the blockaded strip and Israel's "total siege" of Gaza, which has cut off the supply of water, food and fuel, U.N. Emergency Relief chief Martin Griffiths warned.Humanitarian aid and relief convoys carrying "hundreds of tonnes" of essential items have been streaming towards Egypt's Sinai Peninsula, his organization said. Many have parked outside Gaza awaiting access to the besieged enclave as pressure mounts for establishment of a humanitarian corridor that would enable the urgent delivery of aid."Aid access is our overwhelming priority," Griffiths said. "And we are in deep discussions hourly with the Israelis, with the Egyptians, with the Gazans about how to do that."Speaking Tuesday ahead of President Joe Biden's expected Wednesday trip to the region, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken said it is "critical" that aid begins flowing into Gaza.He announced that the United States and Israel have "agreed to develop a plan that will enable humanitarian aid from donor nations and multilateral organizations to reach civilians in Gaza."However, Egyptian authorities have said that Israel is not cooperating with delivery of aid into Gaza, with Egypt's Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry telling reporters that talks are yet to be fruitful, rendering the Rafah crossing -- the sole remaining official exit out of Gaza -- out of use."Until now the Israeli government has not taken a position on opening the Rafah crossing from the Gaza side to allow the entrance of assistance and exit of citizens of third countries," said Shoukry.At least four Israeli airstrikes have been recorded near the Rafah border crossing since the war began.Medical Aid for Palestinians told ABC News that the humanitarian crisis in Gaza is deepening, with local health services "overwhelmed.""For more than 16 years, Gaza has been suffering from an illegal blockade weakening it day by day. Medicines and drugs, before this escalation, were at 48% and 29% shortages. Health staff have always been overwhelmed and never paid enough, and lack of specialists was always an issue," said Mahmoud Shalabi, Senior Programmes Manager for Medical Aid for Palestinians in Gaza. "Now, the situation is even worse, and worse than any other escalation that Gaza has gone through"As the conflict enters day 11, at least 4,178 lives have been lost, including at least 1,400 killed in Israel and at least 2,778 in Gaza, according to the Israeli Health Ministry and the Palestinian Health Ministry."One healthcare worker described to me the situation at Gaza's largest emergency department as a slaughterhouse with bodies on the ground and no space to deal with huge influx of injuries," said Shalabi."Right now, Gaza needs medicines, medical disposables, and equipment. In addition, health staff and humanitarians need safe corridors to reach people and conduct their work safely without being targeted. The IDPs need shelter, food, health, psychosocial services, water, and the list goes on," said Shalabi."We hope that we will come out of this alive."Food and water supplies are also dwindling, aid organizations warning there are just "days" of stocks left for Gazans: "There is not one drop of water, not one grain of wheat, not a liter of fuel that has been allowed into the Gaza Strip for the last eight days," said Philippe Lazzarini, chief of U.N. Aid for Palestinians.The World Health Organization has said it is "advocating vigorously for the opening of Rafah crossing.""Not just one-time access but sustained, unhindered access to Gaza," said WHO's Regional Emergency Director Dr. Richard Brennan.The organisation has raised concerns over potential disease outbreaks with at least 400,000 internally displaced persons seeking shelters in UNRWA schools. Overcrowding, lack of clean water and sanitation could lead to the spread of infections like cholera and dysentery, compounding on the plight of Gazans.Biden is on Wednesday due to head to Israel and Jordan, expected to discuss "humanitarian needs of civilians in Gaza" with Jordan's King Abdullah, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi and Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas."The siege in Gaza, the way it is imposed, is nothing else than collective punishment," said Lazzarini. "So, before it is too late, the siege must be lifted and aid agencies must be able to safely bring in essential supplies such as fuel, water, food and medicine."。    

◎本报记者 魏依晨近日,年仅36岁的歌手傅松因口腔癌去世,去世前曾多次劝网友不要吃槟榔。据了解,湖南籍的傅松生前很爱嚼槟榔,其口腔癌就是槟榔导致。

B | 湖南等地不少人习惯饭后、旅行,甚至聊天散步都要嚼上一颗。然而,槟榔早被世卫组织列为一级致癌物。那么,为什么长期嚼槟榔会致癌呢?记者采访了相关专家。吃槟榔对口腔是“双重打击”“因嚼槟榔引发的口腔癌在临床上很常见。”南昌大学附属口腔医院黏膜牙周科主任医师宗娟娟介绍说,槟榔经咀嚼后形成致癌化合物,会诱导同源染色体基因的改变,让抑癌基因失活和癌基因激活,同时槟榔咀嚼时易对口腔黏膜造成创伤,容易发炎,伴随频繁口腔溃疡、组织纤维化,在黏膜细胞增量的过程中很容易出现细胞坏死突变,成为癌细胞,最后演变成口腔癌。其实,早在2003年,国际癌症研究中心就把槟榔列入“黑名单”,为一级致癌物。至于致癌原因,一是槟榔里的化学物质经咀嚼后,形成的亚硝基,是明确致癌的化合物;二是槟榔较硬,咀嚼时易对口腔黏膜造成机械创伤。原国家食药监总局在2017年公布致癌物清单时,已将槟榔果列入一级致癌物。记者了解到,中国首位发现口腔癌与槟榔有关联的学者翦新春发表的《槟榔致癌物质与口腔癌》论文中指出,咀嚼槟榔之所以能导致口腔癌,是因为槟榔中的多种活性成分和代谢产物有细胞毒性、遗传毒性甚至直接致癌性,这些物质包括槟榔生物碱、槟榔鞣质、槟榔特异性亚硝胺和活性氧等。简单来说,就是槟榔纤维粗糙,长期嚼槟榔会对黏膜损伤、牙齿损伤。另外其所含的生物碱能直接杀死细胞,进而造成口腔损伤。长期咀嚼槟榔简直就是对口腔黏膜的“双重打击”。这也可以解释为什么很多长期咀嚼槟榔的人不仅会感到口干舌燥,还会伴有烧灼感,如恶化后,会出现无法进食刺激性食物,口腔内疼痛感增强,开口受限,语言不清等症状。医生建议:远离槟榔,珍爱健康2018年,中华口腔医学会和中国疾控中心曾调研湖南省群众咀嚼槟榔和口腔癌的现状,当时中南大学湘雅医院口腔颌面外科病房内,50位住院患者有45人患口腔癌,其中44人有长期大量咀嚼槟榔史。宗娟娟告诉记者,近年的临床调研发现,口腔黏膜下纤维性变的患者呈年轻化趋势,年龄集中在20—30岁,均有嚼食槟榔的习惯。2019年,国家卫健委在《健康口腔行动方案(2019—2025年)》的解读中提到,要对长期咀嚼槟榔等高危行为进行干预,促进群众养成健康的行为和生活方式。“最开始认识槟榔是因为患者,近年来因口腔黏膜下纤维化就诊的患者明显增多,因此增加了对槟榔的关注。

C | 这类患者往往因为嘴巴张不开,吃辛辣刺激的食物黏膜疼痛等问题前来就诊,且多是青年人,而这些问题只是咀嚼槟榔后的初始问题,继续发展可成为口腔癌。

D | ”南昌大学附属口腔医院黏膜牙周科医师李维芝告诉科技日报记者,出现问题后轻则需手术切除癌变病损、影响外貌及降低生活质量,重则危及生命。湖南因盛产槟榔,口腔癌的发病率远高于其他省份。李维芝说,关于吃槟榔或许开始时大家只是出于好奇或者好友推荐尝试一下,但是槟榔中含有槟榔碱,这是一种类似尼古丁的物质,会使人成瘾、产生快感,因此一旦开始往往难以戒除,久而久之口腔黏膜发生病变甚至发展成口腔癌、咽喉癌等。“槟榔导致的黏膜下纤维性变往往无法根治,因此患者终身受其困扰。”李维芝提到,在槟榔广告随处可见、各小卖部均有售卖槟榔的今天,大家要主动远离槟榔,珍爱健康、珍爱生命,如果出现不适,尽早就医。

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